The relationship between radon and geology: Sources, transport and indoor accumulation

Abstract

This review study examines the relationship between radon and geology, including its origins, transmission, and accumulation, as well as its impact on human health and mitigation strategies. The decay of uranium and thorium produces radon, a radioactive gas. Its concentration in the environment fluctuates based on local geology, soil permeability, climate, and terrain, as well as regional, seasonal, and daily meteorological conditions. Exposure to radon indoors is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, making it a significant public health concern. Measuring radon concentrations in indoor environments is essential for identifying high-risk areas and devising effective mitigation strategies, such as ventilation, fissure sealing, and exhaust installation. The need for greater knowledge of regional and seasonal fluctuations in radon concentration, as well as the development of more effective and cost-effective measuring and mitigation strategies, has implications for future research. To influence public health policies and practices, more research on the long-term health effects of radon exposure is required. The focus of public health policy should be on increasing awareness of the dangers associated with radon exposure, supporting regular measurement and monitoring of radon concentrations in indoor areas, and encouraging the adoption of effective mitigation techniques. When selecting construction sites, urban planning regulations and building codes should consider the local geology and radon levels in the soil.